Genetic Enhancement of a Child’s Memory: A Search for a Private and Pub

Genetic Enhancement of a Child’s Memory: A Search for a Private and Public Morality ABSTRACT: Prospects of human genetic modification raise the question of genetic enhancement of memory. A moral framework that takes into account the tension between the roles of parent and citizen on the question of genetically enhancing a child’s memory is presented. Weaknesses of both moral liberalism and moral communitarianism are addressed: a tyranny of a powerful minority of liberalism, while a tyranny of orthodoxy and a tyranny of perfectionism plague different forms of communitarianism. A position is advanced that draws on the strengths of both a Rawlsian form of contractarianism and a moderate version of communitarianism. I argue that genetic enhancements of memory in children pose such serious wrongs and threats to general well-being that the practice should be decided from behind a Rawlsian veil of ignorance. With the cards down, as Ronald Green describes the veil of ignorance, a basic right to nondiscrimination on the basis of genotype would be negotiated. With this right in place, conflicts between the parental role and the role of citizen would be managed by the negotiated prohibition of parental decisions genetically to enhance the memory of children. Let me imagine myself some years from now as a citizen and a parent — who also happens to be a philosophy teacher — facing the question of whether I should choose various enhancements for my young child. Orthodontics, music lessons, soccer leagues, and genetic enhancement of an average memory are among the practices I am considering. I soon discover an internal tension. Ronald Green, in an article called "The Rawls Game," (Teaching Philosophy, 1986, 9:1, 51-60) provides an el... ...eligious intolerance, new definitions of what it means to be a human person have been created. In a hypothetical, unanimous agreement to prohibit genetic enhancement of a child’s memory I would join a citizenry that exercises parental autonomy and — in the face of a volatile new technology — defines a new way of understanding what it means to be a human parent. My choice as a parent to serve as a link between past and future human generations prompts me to pursue a perspective of fairness in the application of this new technology — a technology that incorporates self-interest and benevolence but makes neither self-interest nor benevolence my primary motivation as a parent. I could tell a coherent story to my child if I were able to relate to that, with the cards down, people unanimously placed genetic enhancement of a child’s average memory off the political agenda.

Compilation of Recipes

COMPILATION OF RECIPES (Asian and Western Cuisine) SUBMITTED BY: Group 1: Jelica Louise Pascual David Therese Daryll Santos Janine Crister Valencia Mary Joy Jose Reyes Cristoni Fajardo Ariez Murayag 3-D BIT (Food Technology) SUBMITTED TO: Ms. Johna Coffi Felipe PHILIPPINE CUISINE Entree: Kare-Kare (Vegetable Stew) Ingredients: * 3 lbs Pork pata (or any other meat of your choice) * 1 small banana flower bud (sliced) * 1 bundle of Pechay or Bok-choy * 1 bundle of string beans (cut into 2† slices) * 4 pcs eggplants (sliced) * 1 cup ground peanuts * ? cup peanut butter * ? cup shrimp paste (bagoong) 34 ounces water (about 1 liter) * ? cup annatto seeds (atsuete) soaked in a cup of water * ? cup toasted ground rice * 1 tbsp garlic (minced) * 1 large onion (minced) * Salt and pepper Procedure: 1. In a large pot, bring the water to a boil 2. Put in the pork followed by the onions and simmer for 2. 5 to 3 hrs or until tender (35 minutes if using a pressure cooker) 3. Once the meat is t ender, add the ground peanuts, peanut butter, and coloring (water from the annatto seed mixture) and simmer for 5 to 7 minutes 4. Add the toasted ground rice and simmer for 5 minutes . On a separate pan, saute the garlic then add the banana flower, eggplant, and string beans and cook for 5 minutes 6. Transfer the cooked vegetables to the large pot (where the rest of the ingredients are) 7. Add salt and pepper to taste. Serve hot with shrimp paste. Enjoy! (Yields 6) Gising-gising Ingredients: * 1kg assorted seafood (shrimp, squid, tuna & cooked mussels) * 4 tbsp butter * 2 large garlic cloves * 1 small onion * 100g broccoli * 100g cauliflower * 100g string beans * 100g snow peas * 100g carrots * 1 small red capsicum * 3 tbspn oyster sauce 4 tspn dark soy sauce * 1 tspn sugar * 1-2 tspn chili paste or 2 bird eye chili (deseeded and chopped) * cornstarch slurry (1 tablespoon water + 1 1/2 tbspn cornstarch) * good pinch of ground black pepper Procedure: 1. In a large wok/pan, heat (medi um high) the butter and saute the garlic and onions. Add in the fish and squid pieces, stir for awhile till they become slightly cooked. Stir in the shrimps. 2. Keep in stirring mixture till the shrimps turns light orange. Add in your mussels and saute for another minute. Pour in your prepped vegetables and stir fry for around 2-3 minutes. . Season with sugar, ground pepper, oyster sauce, chili sauce and dark soy sauce. Reduce the heat into medium heat, give the mixture a good stir and let it simmer. Pour in the cornstarch slurry (stir before pouring) and quickly mix the mixture to evenly distribute the slurry to the sauce. Simmer it for another 1-2 minutes and test the vegetables by eating some pieces of it, it should be crunchy but cooked. Sauce will thicken by this time, so keep on stirring for even cooking but be careful so that you don’t break the fish pieces too much. 4. Pour Gising! Gising! Seafood Extreme) in a large serving bowl or a large sizzling plate and serve wh ile it’s still hot. (Yields 8) Dessert: Ginataang Bilo-bilo Ingredients: For the bilo-bilo, sticky rice dumplings * 1-1/2 cup glutinous rice flour * 3/4 cup water For the stew * 2 13. 5-ounce cans coconut milk * 1 cup water * ? cup uncooked small  sago  (tapioca pearls) * 1/2 cup  jackfruit, sliced lengthwise into strips * ? cup sweet potato (diced) * ? cup ripe Saba (diced) * 1/3 cup sugar Procedure: Knead the rice flour and water in a mixing bowl to make a smooth dough that holds together and separates cleanly from the bowl.With floured hands, pinch off a small piece of dough, roll into a ball like a marble roughly the size of a penny. Place the rolled dough on a plate and cover with a damp towel until they are all ready to be cooked. Bring coconut milk and water to a boil in a large pot over medium to high heat. Add  sago  and simmer covered over low heat for 20 minutes. Add bilo-bilo, sweet potato, Saba, jackfruit, and sugar. Simmer until sago  and bilo-bilo  are cooked through, about 20 minutes more. Stir occasionally to keep sago and bilo-bilo  from sticking to the bottom of the pot.For a thinner stew add more water and adjust the sweetness by using more or less sugar. Ladle the stew in bowls, serve warm with more sliced jackfruit. (Yields 4) Dessert: Tibok-tibok Ingredients: * 6 cups carabao's milk * 50 grams glutinous rice powder * 150 grams cornstarch * 1 cup sugar * grated rind of 2 limes (dayap) * oil or butter * greased banana leaf 1   In a wok, mix carabao's milk, glutinous rice powder, cornstarch, and sugar. Cook at low heat, stirring mixture constantly. 2   Add rind and stir continuously with a wooden spatula until smooth and thick.Carefully dip finger or the handle of a wooden spoon into the mixture. 3   When it no longer sticks to the finger or spoon, remove mixture from heat. 4  Ã‚  Grease  a 9-by-9-inch square pan with oil or butter then top with a greased banana leaf. 5   Pour mixture in and spread evenly. Let mixture cool then top with latik. Makes one 9-inch square pan. CHINESE CUISINE Entree: Chicken and Bean Sprout Salad Ingredients: * 400 grams Bean Sprouts * 300 grams Chicken Breast * 1 tsp Soy sauce * 2 tbsp Onion chives (chopped) * 1 tbsp Vinegar * 1 tsp Sugar * 1 tbsp Soy Sauce * Pinch garlic (chopped) 1 tbsp Peanut oil * 1 tbsp Sesame Oil * Salt and pepper (ground) Procedure: 1. To prepare the sauce, mix together all the ingredients in a bowl, and season with a little salt and pepper. Allow to stand for 20 mins. 2. Meanwhile, cook the bean sprout for 20 mins in boiling water. Drain and refresh under cold water. Set aside to drain completely. 3. Sprinkle the chicken with the soy sauce and steam in Chinese Bamboo Steamer over a large pan or wok for about 15 mins, until cooked through. 4. Remove the chicken from the steamer, set aside to cool, then thinly slice. 5. Mix together the bean sprouts and chicken.Pour over the sauce and serve. (Yields 4) Dessert: Sago and Fruit Jelly Ingredients: * 175 grams sago * 1 liter water * 2 tbsp gelatin * 220 grams fruit cocktail * 70 grams raisin * 125 ml evaporated milk * Sufficient raisins, strawberries and grapes Procedure: 1. Bring 1 liter of water to a boil. Add in sago and stir continuously until sago is nearly glassy. Remove from heat, cover and set aside for 20 min. 2. Dissolve gelatin in 125 ml hot water. 3. Combine fruit cocktail, raisins, evaporated milk with the sago mixture. Add in gelatin mixture, stir well and pour quickly into mould.Chill in the refrigerator until set. Invert on plate, garnish with raisins, strawberries and grapes. Serve. (Yields 5) JAPANESE CUISINE Entree: California Maki Ingredients: * cooked Japanese rice (in a rice cooker, cook 2 cups short-grain Japanese rice in 3 cups water) * bowl of water * nori (seaweed) sheets, cut in half * wasabi * Mayonnaise * ripe mango slices * cucumber slices * crab sticks * bamboo sushi mat Procedure: 1. Spread rice on the sushi mat, leaving half an in ch of margin on the edge. 2. Then lay half a nori sheet in the rice.On the nori, lay out crab sticks, mango slices, and cucumber slices lengthwise. Finish with mayonnaise. 3. With the help of the sushi mat, roll up sushi and seal tightly but gently. 4. Using a very sharp knife, slice into 1-inch rounds. Cut firmly straight down. Dessert: Dorayaki Ingredients: * 4 eggs * 140 grams (2/3 cup) sugar * 2 tbsp honey * 1 cup All Purpose flour * 1 tsp baking powder * 1-2 tbsp water * 520 grams sweetened red bean paste Procedure: 1. In a large bowl, combine eggs, sugar and honey until the mixture gets fluffy. 2. Sift flour and baking powder to the bowl and mix.Keep in the refrigerator to rest for 15 min. 3. Stir in ? Tbsp of water at a time to get the right consistency. It should be a little bit thicker than pancake batter. If the batter is too thin, Dorayaki buns will be too flat and not fluffy. 4. Heat a large non-stick frying pan on medium-low to medium heat. Dip the paper towel in oil an d coat the bottom of the pan with the oil. The pan should be slightly oiled but shouldn’t be visible. That’s the secret to get nice texture on the surface of Dorayaki. With a ladle, drop the batter from 1 foot above the pan to create 3 inch diameter â€Å"pancake†.When you see the surface of batter starts to bubble, flip over and cook the other side. Transfer to a plate and cover up with damp towel to prevent from drying. Continue making pancakes. 5. Make sandwich with red bean paste. Put more red bean paste in the center so the shape of Dorayaki will be curved (middle part should be higher). Ready to serve. (Yields 16 pcs) KOREAN CUISINE Entree: Bibimbap Ingredients: Kimchi Ingredients: * 1 large Chinese or Napa Cabbage * 1 gallon (4l) water * 1/2 cup (100g) coarse salt * 1 small head of garlic, peeled and finely minced one 2-inch (6cm) piece of fresh ginger, peeled and minced * 1/4 cup (60ml) fish sauce * 1/3 cup (80ml) chili paste or 1/2 cup Korean chili powd er * 1 bunch green onions, cut into 1-inch (3cm) lengths (use the dark green part, too, except for the tough ends) * 1 medium daikon radish, peeled and grated * 1 teaspoon sugar or honey Procedure: 1. Slice the cabbage lengthwise in half, then slice each half lengthwise into 3 sections. Cut away the tough stem chunks. 2. Dissolve the salt in the water in a very large container, then submerge the cabbage under the water.Put a plate on top to make sure they stay under water, then let stand for 2 hours. 3. Mix the other ingredients in a very large metal or glass bowl. 4. Drain the cabbage, rinse it, and squeeze it dry. 5. Here’s the scary part: mix it all up. Some recipes advise wearing rubber gloves since the chili paste can stain your hands. 6. Pack the kimchi in a clean glass jar large enough to hold it all and cover it tightly. Let stand for one to two days in a cool place, around room temperature. 7. Check the kimchi after 1-2 days. If it’s bubbling a bit, it’ s ready and should be refrigerated.If not, let it stand another day, when it should be ready. 8. Once it’s fermenting, serve or store in the refrigerator. If you want, add a sprinkle of toasted sesame seeds over the kimchi for serving. Storage: Many advise to eat the kimchi within 3 weeks. After that, it can get too fermented. INDIAN CUISINE Entree: Chicken Roti Ingredients: * 2 tablespoons ground turmeric * 1 tablespoon crushed dried chili flakes * 1 tablespoon cumin seeds * 1/2 tablespoon coriander seeds * 1/2 tablespoon ground cloves * 1/2 tablespoon ground ginger * 1/2 tablespoon garlic powder 1/2 teaspoon yellow mustard seeds * 1/2 teaspoon ground black pepper * 1/2 teaspoon ground allspice * 1/8 teaspoon ground cinnamon * 2 teaspoons salt * 1/4 cup vegetable oil * 1 chicken, cut into 8 pieces * 2 cups chopped onion * 1 tablespoon minced garlic * 2 teaspoons minced fresh ginger * 2 sprigs fresh thyme * 1/2 hot pepper, such as Scotch bonnet or serrano, seeded and finely c hopped, or to taste * 2 cups chicken broth * 1 can unsweetened coconut milk * 1 tablespoon light brown sugar * 2 tablespoons finely chopped fresh cilantro * 1 recipe West Indian Bread for Roti, recipe follows, breads kept covered and warmProcedures: In a medium skillet or saute pan combine the turmeric, chili flakes, cumin seeds, coriander seeds, cloves, ginger, garlic powder, mustard seeds, pepper, allspice, and cinnamon and cook, shaking the pan frequently, until spices are fragrant and just beginning to smoke. Remove from the heat, transfer to a shallow plate and allow to cool completely. Transfer to a coffee grinder or spice mill and process until very finely ground. Reserve 6 tablespoons of the spice mixture separately and transfer the remainder to an airtight container and save for another purpose.In a mixing bowl combine the chicken, 2 tablespoons of the curry powder, 1 teaspoon of the salt and 2 tablespoons of the vegetable oil and set aside, covered, for 20 minutes. In a la rge Dutch oven, heat the remaining 2 tablespoons vegetable oil, and, when hot, add the chicken pieces and cook, turning occasionally, until golden brown on all sides, about 8 minutes. Add the onion, garlic, ginger, thyme, hot pepper if using, and remaining 4 tablespoons curry powder and cook, stirring, until the vegetables are soft, about 4 minutes. Add the chicken broth, coconut milk, and brown sugar and bring to a simmer.Add the remaining teaspoon of salt, and cook, stirring occasionally, until chicken is very tender and falling from the bone and the sauce has reduced enough to coat the back of a spoon, about 1 1/2 hours. Stir in the cilantro and adjust seasoning, if necessary. (Note: traditionally, curried chicken roti is eaten with the chicken still on the bones. If you prefer otherwise, at this point you can remove the chicken from the sauce and remove the meat from the bones and then return the meat to the sauce before serving. ) Serve the chicken and sauce ladled into the cen ter of the roti breads, then fold both sides over the filling.Fold the top and bottom ends over the sides to form a neat square package, and serve. West Indian Bread for Roti: * 4 cups all purpose flour * 2 tablespoons baking powder * 1 teaspoon salt * 1 tablespoon vegetable oil, plus more for cooking roti * 1 cup water Procedures: To make the breads, combine the flour, baking powder and salt in a mixing bowl and make a well in the center. Combine the oil and water and add this mixture to the well. Using your hands, mix to form a dough. Knead for about 5 minutes, or until the dough is smooth. Divide the mixture into 6 balls of dough and set aside for about 2 hours, covered with a damp kitchen towel.On a lightly floured surface, roll each ball of dough into a thin, flattened circle about 9 inches in diameter. Set aside, covered, until ready to cook the breads to serve. (Do not stack. ) Heat a large griddle or 12-inch skillet over high heat and add 2 teaspoons of vegetable oil. When h ot, add the bread dough and cook until brown spots form on the bottom, about 1 minute. Turn the bread and cook on the second side, about 1 minute longer. Transfer to a large plate or baking sheet and cover with a damp towel to keep warm while you prepare the remaining breads.Yield: 6 large roti breads Dessert: Almond and Fruit Jelly Ingredients: * 4 1/2 ounces agar powder * 1 teaspoon almond extract * 1 1/2 cups water * 1 1/2 cups fresh milk * 1/4 cup granulated white sugar * 1 can (30 ounces) fruit cocktail Procedure: 1. Combine milk and agar powder. Stir 2. Add almond extract and mix well. Set aside. 3. Boil water and put-in sugar. Stir until well dissolved. 4. Pour-in the agar and milk mixture and let boil while gently stirring. 5. Let the temperature cool down then transfer to a shallow contaner. 6. Refrigerate for 2 to 3 hours. . Slice the jelly into squares and mix with the fruit cocktail. 8. Serve for dessert. Share and enjoy! (Yields 6) INDONESIAN CUISINE Entree: Nasi Goreng Ingredients: * 2 cups long-grain rice, rinsed * 2 1/2 tablespoons kecap manis * 1 tablespoon Yeo's Dark Soy Sauce * 1 tablespoon sweet chilli sauce * 1/4 cup peanut oil * 4 eggs, lightly beaten * 1 brown onion, thinly sliced * 1 teaspoon sambal olek (see note) * 3 garlic cloves, finely chopped * 1 teaspoon shrimp paste * 1 carrot, peeled, finely chopped * 1 small chicken breast fillet, chopped 300g green prawns, peeled, deveined, roughly chopped * 3 green onions, thinly sliced * 1/4 small Chinese cabbage, finely shredded * 1/4 cup fried shallots (see note) * thinly sliced red chillies, to serve Procedures: 1. Cook rice following absorption method on packet until just tender. Drain. Transfer to a baking tray. Fluff rice with a fork. Cool to room temperature. Cover and refrigerate for 2 hours or until cold (see tip). 2. Combine kecap manis, soy sauce and sweet chilli sauce in a jug. Set aside. 3. Heat a wok over high heat until hot. Add 1 teaspoon oil and swirl to coat.Add one-quarte r of beaten egg and swirl to form a thin omelette. Cook for 30 seconds or until egg sets. Slide onto a board. Repeat with oil and egg, in 3 batches, to make 4 omelettes. Roll up omelettes and thinly slice crossways. 4. Heat remaining 2 tablespoons oil in wok over high heat. Add brown onion, sambal olek, garlic, shrimp paste and carrot. Stir-fry for 1 minute or until aromatic. Add chicken. Stir-fry for 1 to 2 minutes or until sealed. Add prawns. Stir-fry for 2 minutes or until prawns turn pink. Add rice, soy mixture, green onions and cabbage. Stir-fry for 3 to 4 minutes or until rice is heated through.Toss through half the sliced omelette. 5. Spoon nasi goreng onto serving plates. Top with remaining sliced omelette. Sprinkle with fried shallots. Serve with sliced chillies. Gado Gado Ingredients: * 1 thinly sliced medium sized fresh cucumber,  ) * 1 cup of string beans cut into 4 cm long pieces, * 1 cup of shredded cabbage, * 1 cup of mung bean sprouts, * 2 small chayotes cut into w edges For the sauce: * ground roasted peanuts, dried shrimp paste (terasi), sugar, salt, and water * Blanch and strain string beans, mung bean sprouts, cabbage and slice 1 cucumber. Grind these ingredients with a mortar and pestle until they’re smooth: 1 ts salt, 2 ts dried shrimp paste, , and ? cup’s worth of sugar. Procedure: 1. Add 1 cup of finely ground roasted peanuts (or 1 cup of peanut butter) and grind it all some more until it’s mixed well. If you use peanut butter instead of ground roasted peanuts, add less salt because there’s salt in the peanut butter. 2. Add ? cup of water and mix it well. 3. Transfer the vegetables to a serving plate and pour the sauce on top of it or mix all the vegetables with the sauce in the mortar before serving. (Yields 2) SatayIngredients: * 8-12 skinless chicken thighs, cut into thin strips * 1 package wooden skewers SATAY MARINADE: * 1/4 cup minced  lemongrass  , fresh or frozen * 2 shallots OR 1 small onion, sl iced * 3 cloves garlic * 1-2 fresh red chilies, sliced, OR 1/2 tsp. to 1 tsp. cayenne pepper, to taste * 1 thumb-size piece ginger, thinly sliced * 1 tsp. minced fresh turmeric OR 1/2 tsp. dried turmeric * 2 tsp. cumin * 3 Tbsp. soy sauce * 4 Tbsp. fish sauce * 5-6 Tbsp. brown sugar * 2 Tbsp. vegetable oil Procedure: 1. If using wooden skewers, soak them in water while you prepare the meat. 2.Cut chicken into thin strips and place in a bowl. 3. Mix all marinate ingredients. Mix well. 4. Taste-test the marinade – you will taste sweet, spicy, and salty. Add more sugar or more fish sauce (in place of salt) to adjust the taste. You can also add more chili if you want it spicier. 5. Pour the marinade over the meat and stir well to combine. Allow at least 1 hour for marinating, or longer (up to 24 hours). 6. When ready to cook, thread meat onto the skewers. Tip:  Fill up to 3/4 of the skewer, leaving the lower half empty so that the person grilling has a â€Å"handle† to e asily turn the satay during cooking. 7.Grill the satay on your BBQ, OR on an indoor grill, basting the first time you time it with a little of the leftover marinade from the bottom of the bowl. Depending on how thin your meat is, the satay should cook in 10 to 20 minutes. (Yields 2-4) VIETNAMESE CUISINE Entree: Pho (Rice Noodles) Ingredients: * 2L (8 cups) salt-reduced chicken stock * 2 thick slices ginger * 1 onion, thinly sliced * 2 garlic cloves, sliced * 1/3 cup (80ml) fish sauce * 375g vermicelli rice noodles * 400g chicken breast, very thinly sliced * 1 cup (80g) bean sprouts * 1 long red chilli, seeds removed, thinly sliced 1/3 cup each of basil, mint and coriander leaves, to serve Procedure: 1. Place stock and 2 cups (500ml) water in a saucepan with ginger, onion, garlic and fish sauce. Bring to the boil, then reduce heat to low. Cover and simmer for 20 minutes. Strain, discarding solids, then return soup to pan. Cover and return to the boil. 2. Meanwhile, prepare noodles ac cording to packet instructions. Drain well. 3. Divide the noodles among warmed soup bowls, then top with the sliced chicken. Pour over the hot soup mixture (the heat will gently cook the meat) and top with the bean sprouts. Serve garnished with chilli and fresh herbs. Yields 4) Vietnamese Salad Rolls (Spring Rolls) Ingredients: * 1 (8 ounce) package  rice vermicelli * 8 ounces  cooked, peeled shrimp, cut in half lengthwise * 8  rice wrappers (6. 5 inch diameter) * 1  carrot, julienned * 1 cup  shredded lettuce * 1/4 cup  chopped fresh basil * 1/2 cup  hoisin sauce * water as needed Procedure: 1. Bring a medium saucepan of water to boil. Remove from heat. Place rice vermicelli in boiling water, remove from heat, and let soak 3 to 5 minutes, until soft. Drain, and rinse with cold water. 2. Fill a large bowl with hot water. Dip one rice wrapper in the hot water for 1 second to soften.Lay wrapper flat, and place desired amounts of noodles, shrimp, carrot, lettuce and basil in the center. Roll the edges of the wrapper slightly inward. Beginning at the bottom edge of wrapper, tightly wrap the ingredients. Repeat with remaining ingredients. 3. In a small bowl, mix the hoisin sauce with water until desired consistency has been attained. Heat the mixture for a few seconds in the microwave. 4. Serve the spring rolls with the warm dipping sauce. SPANISH CUISINE Entree: Paella Ingredients: * 2 tablespoons vegetable oil * 1 onion, finely chopped * 4 or 5 large cloves garlic, minced 1 tablespoon finely minced gingerroot * 1 teaspoon ground annatto (achiote) * 1 cup long-grain rice * 3 ounces cured chorizo, diced * 2 medium tomatoes, coarsely chopped * 2 cups chicken or fish stock * 1 tablespoon fish sauce * Several good grinds of black pepper * 1/2 to 3/4 pound fresh shrimp, peeled and deveined * 1/2 cup fresh or frozen peas * Pimiento-stuffed olives * sliced hard-boiled egg, for garnish (optional) Procedures: * Heat the oil in a medium, heavy saucepan and sau te the onion, garlic, and gingerroot over moderate heat, stirring, until the onion wilts and the mixture becomes aromatic. Stir in the annatto and mix well, then add the rice and the diced chorizo and cook, stirring, for a few minutes. * Add the tomatoes, stock, fish sauce, and black pepper. Mix well, bring to a simmer; then cover and cook over low heat for 10 to 15 minutes. * Stir in the shrimp and the peas, then cover and continue to cook over low heat until all the liquid has been absorbed and the shrimp have turned pink, about 5 to 10 minutes. Remove from the heat and let stand, covered, for 5 to 10 minutes before serving. Spoon the paella into a serving dish or platter and garnish with the olives and hard-boiled egg, if desired.Soup: Sopa de verduras con pollo (Vegetable soup with chicken) Ingredients: * 2 turnips * 5 carrots * 3 leeks finely chopped * 1 stem celery * 3 medium potatoes * ? chicken * salt Procedures: Peel and chop all ingredients except the chicken put in a potà ‚  with 500 ml  of water; add the chicken and a trickle of oil; boil for 3/4  of an hour at low heat. Add water if necessary  and season with salt. Remove the chicken and split into pieces and  replace it  in the soup. Serve it hot. Appetizer: Garlic-cheese bread Ingredients: * french bread * butter with garlic ham * cheese Procedures: * slice the bread * spread the butter with garlic * and then toast in pan * after that top the ham * together with cheese on top Dessert: Tocinillo de cielo – Golden caramel custard Ingredients: * Ingredients: * 6 egg yolks * 250 g of sugar * 300 ml of water For the caramel: * 1 tbsp of sugar * 1 tbsp of water Procedures: Put the sugar in a saucepan with the water and heat until the syrup goes golden brown. Cover  6 small moulds evenly and put to one side. Put the sugar and water in an earthenware dish and heat until the syrup goes stringy.Beat the egg yolks and slowly add the syrup, stirring as you pour. Strain and pour  the cara melised mixture into the 6 small moulds. Cook in a bain-marie in the oven at 150? C for around 15 to 20 minutes. When the  custard has set, remove from the oven, leave to cool and take it out of the moulds. Serves 6 people. Beverage: Granizado de limon o frutas – Iced lemon crush Ingredients: * grated zest and freshly squeezed juice of  8 lemons or the juice of 4 lemons and add the rest with other fruit juice * 150 g sugar * crushed ice Preparation:Put the zest and sugar in a saucepan with 250 ml cold water and bring to the boil for 5 minutes. Strain. Add 500 ml col water and the lemon juice or the mix of lemon and fruit juice. Pour into a freezerproof container and freeze for about 1 hour until ice crystals have formed around the edge. Break up with a fork and serve. Add extra crushed ice, for serving. To Ms. Johna Coffi Felipe†¦ To our professor of two semesters.. You gave us strength.. We are glad you were our teacher.. Thank you for giving us courage.. You made u s better persons.. You gave us confidence in ourselves..Thank you for your patience. You helped us see what we could be.. You have inspired us deeply.. And for that, we will never forget you.. One unknown author had said.. â€Å"Teachers are like the candles, which consume themselves to brighten the lives of others. † Mam, you are just like that.. Thank You Very Much for staying with us in two semesters! Even though we know we’ve stressed you out with our very hard heads. We will miss you.. We hope you’ll miss us too May God Bless You All The Time! Love always, Group 1 Ariez and Cristoni w/ the Teletubbies (Kayo po nagbansag samin nyan! XD)

The Plague The Great Plague - 1064 Words

Containing a Pandemic: The Great Plague Although plague continues to emerge around the world, there was an outbreak so large in the medieval era that it threatened to wipe out entire continents. The vast devastation that began in Asia and spread to Europe is likely the most deadly pandemic in human history. There were many reasons for the lack of containment, from ignorance of its origin to the lack of anything to stop its deadly trail. The disease struck and killed with terrifying speed, leading Italian writer Boccaccio to declare, its victims â€Å"ate lunch with their friends and dinner with their ancestors in paradise.† Certainly, modern medicine understands plague and now has treatment available; however, history will reveal how easily a pandemic can resurface and become deadly once again. History of the Great Plague For years, historians taught the Black Death of Europe originated in China, but some modern researchers believe it began in spring 1346 in the Russian steppe region, where a plague reservoir stretches from the Caspian Sea into southern Russia (Benedictow, 2005). For centuries, plague was catastrophic because the cause was unknown, causing mass panic where it appeared. Although there have been other outbreaks of plague, nothing compares to the pandemic widely known as the â€Å"Black Death† or Great Plague. The Great Plague of Europe claimed approximately 60% of the population, decimating entire towns. The death count was so astronomical in some places, that onShow MoreRelatedThe Great Killer : The Forgotten Plague998 Words   |  4 PagesThe Great Killer By the 19th century, Tuberculosis or â€Å"consumption,† also known as â€Å"The Forgotten Plague,† had killed nearly one in seven of all the persons who had ever lived in America. 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Winters were especially cold and very dry becauseRead MoreEssay on The Great Plague Of Europe1536 Words   |  7 Pages The Great Plague killed nearly half of the European population during the fourteenth century. A plague is a widespread illness. The Illness was also known as the â€Å"Black Death†. Most of the European people believed the plague was the beginning of the end of the world. They were scarcely equipped and unready for what was to be entailed. It was by far one of the worst epidemics yet to be seen in those times. The Great Plague of Europe made its way all throughout the continent and its populationRead MoreThe Plague Of Doves And The Great Gatsby1743 Words   |  7 Pagesoften avoid them, hoping to escape the instances that surrender us to social embarrassment. On a different scale, this holds true in the literary works we’ve explored this year. Although the characters in the works The Plague of Doves, The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao, and The Great Gatsby come from different backgrounds and hold a variety of intersectional identifiers, they encounter similar steps while attempting to life lives separate from their historic lineage. The characters in the works developRead MoreThe Positive Effects of the Great Plague Essay616 Words   |  3 PagesThe Great Plague was a pandemic that killed many people, and for the people from the olden times the plague equaled painful death; it was torture. As a result, many people categorize ‘the Great Plague’ as a catastrophe that had caused huge damage in Europe, but without this epidemic, we many not have had substantial changes that lead us to the modern day we have now. The Great Plague was an outbreak that killed a third of population in Europe. It was a scourge that originated in the arid plainsRead MoreThe Black Plague in Great Britain838 Words   |  3 Pagesknights and castles, royals and peasants, plague and famine, war and death. In the 1300’s a devastating plague swept across of most of Europe and Asia. It killed millions of people. Upon reaching Britain it killed over one-third the population. The Black Death, in only a few years, had left a permanent mark on Britain, its economy, the feudalism system and its culture through the cause of the major population decline in the 14th century. The Black Plague or Black Death is believed to have begunRead MoreEssay on The Bubonic Plague and the Great Fire of London893 Words   |  4 PagesThe Bubonic Plague and the Great Fire of London Two disasters struck London during the 1660s with the first being an outbreak of bubonic plague, the last and worst of a series that had started in the 1300s. The latter disaster was the great fire of London in which a Bakery broke out in flames near to the London Bridge when many of Londons houses became sources of combustionRead MoreThe London Plague Of 1348 And 16651692 Words   |  7 PagesThe London Plagues of 1348 and 1665 The London Plagues refers to two periods of disease outbreak in England. One plague, the Black Death, began in 1348. Another plague, the Great Plague, began in 1665. Both of these outbreaks killed a substantial amount of the population at the time. The plague exists in two forms: bubonic and pneumonic. A bubonic plague is spread by flea bites and results in painful sores on the body. A pneumonic form of the plague is airborne and spread by coughing and sneezingRead MoreThe Epidemic Of The Bubonic Plague1226 Words   |  5 Pagesportion of the earth. The Bubonic Plague is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Yersinia Pestis, a zoonotic bacteria, usually found in small animals and their fleas. It is transmitted between animals and humans by the bite of infected fleas, direct contact, inhalation and rarely, ingestion of infective materials. Locations The second pandemic, widely known as the Black Death or the Great Plague, originated in China in 1334 and spread along the great trade routes to Constantinople andRead MoreBubonic Plague Research Paper1709 Words   |  7 PagesBubonic plague is an infectious disease that is spread by the bacteria Yersinia pestis. These bacteria remain in a dormant state primarily in a rat flea’s foregut. Once the flea has bitten a victim it regurgitates the contents in its foregut into the bite location. Once the bacterium has entered into a mammal’s warm body it begins to reproduce and spread throughout the mammal’s body. The reproduction of this bacterium creates large painful swollen lymph nodes which are called buboes. Once these buboes

Animal Cruelty Persuasive Speech - 962 Words

Did you know that under the Criminal Code of Canada under Section 445.1(1) any person who willfully causes or as owner permits unnecessary pain, suffering or injury to an animal is held accountable. You should listen to my speech because it will explain to you why you should stand up against animal cruelty. I will try to persuade you with logic and you can make up your mind after listening. I believe we should side against animal cruelty because animals suffer serious bodily harm from the abuse, animals cannot defend themselves and people who commit animal cruelty usually commit acts of violence against humans. We should stop this so we can stop people from accepting and ignoring these atrocities as part of our culture. First of all,†¦show more content†¦30% of children who see violence of the domestic kind display violence against the pets that they own. This statistic shows that if children are willing to attack animals than they are clearly physically superior to the animals that are abused. These animals cannot defend themselves like paralyzed people cannot defend themselves against able humans. It is a true cruelty and you should stand against it. Third, abuse to animals is linked to criminal activities. Robert K Ressler, who has developed many profiles for serial killers for the FBI said, â€Å"Murderers ... very often start out by killing and torturing animals as kids,† (Ressler, Animal Abuse and Human Abuse: Partners in Crime). This is true as a lot of serial killers’ experiment on their animals first. For example, Albert deSalvo, also known as the Boston strangler, killed 13 women. When he was a child he used to shoot dogs and cats which he had trapped with arrows. A serial killer named Jeffrey Dahmer used to impale cats, dogs and frogs’ heads onto sticks. Dennis Rader, the BTK killer from Kansas, was found to have hanged a cat as well as a dog during his youth. Lee Boyd Malvo, a teenager who shot 10 people through the use of a rifle, was suspected of killing many cats with a slingshot at the age of 14. InShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Speech On Animal Cruelty1014 Words   |  5 Pagesemployee if the animals are happy to be here; which makes you think, are these animals really all that happy about being adopted? Some of the dogs at the store are cheerful and high spirited with their tails wagging, bright eyes, and playful personality; while some of the dogs are miserable and lethargic, with no wagging tails, droopy eyes, and no interest in humans what so ever. Many dogs, and not just dogs, suffer from several dreadful things that humans do to them, which can cause the animal to have aRead MorePersuasive Speech About Animal Cruelty1409 Words   |  6 Pageshorrify and heartbreaking? People say they love animals but that’s false. Something that animal lovers don’t know is that 56 billion farmed animals are killed every year by humans and 200 million animals are reported killed by hunters in the United States every year. Treating animals for their fur and bones is not g ood for them and us. There meat can cause cancer, using their belongings is depressing and there should be more compassionate for them. I see animals as humans because they can feel happinessRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Novel, Animal Farm881 Words   |  4 Pagesnovel, Animal Farm: 1945. Persuasive proses will be discussed with the use of linguistic features such as lexical cohesion, metaphor, hyperbole, mood, pronouns, quoted speech, polarity and tense. This will be based on the persuasion and the creation of an alliance, focussing on the freedom and concern of similar parties. The entire extract has made use of quoted speech using scare quotes, drawing attention to the speaker’s ideas and message of freedom and a possible rebellion. The quoted speech is directedRead MoreWe Like It1884 Words   |  8 PagesMy persuasive speech will be on the topic of Animal Testing. Animal testing is the testing and experimentation of products on animals to test the safety levels and reactions. I chose to select this topic, because it really bothers me that animal testing is still allowed today. I have pets, and all my friends have pets and its just something I could never imagine them going through. I will need to find information concerning the laws on animal testing, the different types of animal testingRead MoreInformative Speech : Product Testing On Animals785 Words   |  4 PagesTYPE OF SPEECH: Persuasive Speech Topic: Product testing on animals Purpose Statement: Keep from testing cosmetics on animals. Thesis Statement: Animals are forced to try products. From forced eating to wearing l oreal makeup. Organizational Pattern: Problem- Solution --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Introduction Attention Getter (Capture): Have you ever wished for a rabbit or a guinea pig? Motivate: Most of theRead MorePersuasive Speech For Teenagers Who Are Considering Becoming Vegan1349 Words   |  6 PagesJackson PORTER English Persuasive Speech Statement of Intent: I am writing a persuasive speech for teenagers who are considering becoming vegan. This would be presented at schools and could also be formed into some sort of video to go online. My contentions are that eating a strictly vegan diet can cause an insufficient intake of essential nutrients as well as that eating only vegetables can create an extremely high demand for plant products in turn killing thousands of small animals. I am going to challengeRead MorePersuasive Speech : Factory Farming822 Words   |  4 PagesSample Persuasive Speech Outline Topic: Factory Farming Organizational Pattern: Monroe’s Motivated Sequence Specific Purpose: To persuade the audience that factory farms are dangerous and abusive and therefore need to be banned. Primary Audience Outcome: I the want the audience to join or support national organizations that protest against factory farms. Thesis Statement: The U.S. government should ban factory farms and require the meat industry to raise animals in their natural environmentsRead MoreCelebrating Independence Day1146 Words   |  5 Pageswitness of cruelty at the hands of his owners, therefore he had strong hatred toward slavery in the United States. After escaping from slavery to be a free man in 1838, he published several autobiographies and became an outspoken advocate for the abolitionist movement. One of the most recognized speeches of Frederick Douglass - â€Å"What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?† - was held on the nations 76th anniversary. By revealing unfairness and injustice of racism throughout this speech, Douglass,Read MoreIncidents In The Life Of A Slave Girl Essay1513 Words   |  7 PagesIn 1841, he began to participate in the abolitionist movement. Frederick Douglass rose to fame after publishing ‘The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass’, a slave narrative which reco unted his experiences as a slave. A slave narrative is persuasive non-fiction that is written in the first person. Its intention is to enlighten the audience on the terrors of slavery and spur immediate action against it. Slave narratives were targeted at the Northerners because they were more sympathetic towardsRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm1376 Words   |  6 PagesGeorge Orwell or Eric Blair, the author of â€Å"Animal Farm†, was a man who was best known for his journalism, writing, and political insights. He was able to bind all the corruption caused by the Russian Revolution, Stalinism, and Communism in an allegorical book, â€Å"Animal Farm.† In his book, he symbolized all the leaders and significant people involved in the Russian Revolution from Karl Marx to Tsar Nicholas II to Hitler, in the setting of a rebellion of animals towards humans. In Orwell’s allegory, there

Medical Errors And Health Care - 1581 Words

Medical Errors Going forward we can expect our health care cost to rise upward to 7 percent in the near future. Out of pocket spending will also raise from things like $850 to $1400 a year per family. This continuation will have to be addressed by each CEO’s and Health care management to ensure lessons learned are correct and shifted to ensure a positive change and growth. With that being said, another area of concern will be training and staffing quality employees. This will always be a concern for management and Human resource department. The institute of Medicine issued reports reflecting this concern and how the market and business would have to adjust their mindset and strategic thinking to ensure all needs are met. With†¦show more content†¦By not revealing a medical error to the patient, the health care specialist prominently puts their own agenda first over the patients’ needs and moral right to know. The courage to show integrity and to do the right thing is a trai t that all health care workers must possess in order to do no harm to the patient. For the physician to choose not to ask justly and hide the mal practice shows that the physician does not practice nonmaleficence. This leaves the patient worried about the prognosis of their treatment. As well as, if medical errors are reported it can be a teaching tool on how to prevent in the future and protect other patients. This also extends beyond the hospital campus and into long time care and hospice care as well. The cost and quality of care has seen major changes and the decline of quality care have dipped in recent years. Applying these medical error reports to the latest quality assurance reports will assist management and hospital leaders to make better decisions, keep the patient needs, and care as the drive for success. To conclude, justice is usually a value that all physicians should comply with, it can actually help build patient relationship trust therefore creating stronger bon ds and a better network. Reconstructing the ER The emergency departments see thousands of patients a year. In today’s societies, most emergency cases are due to the fact of the growing chronically illShow MoreRelatedMedical Errors And Health Care1343 Words   |  6 Pagesquality of the system of medical care. Regardless of this fact, many issues suggest that when it comes to assuring high quality for everyone. Not all is well since the current health care system is a top economic and social problem to the Americans (Health Care Problems, 2015). Many issues such as medical errors, quality of care, that can impact a health care organization (hospitals, clinics, and physicians). One of those issues is the medical errors. The medical errors occur when a hospital or doctorRead MoreHealth Care For Medical Errors804 Words   |  4 Pagesconcerns about the large number of preventable errors that continue to occur in our current system (Sachs, 2015). Between 210,000 and 400,000 deaths happen yearly due to m edical errors in addition to approximately 4,000,000 to 8,000,000 errors that cause serious harm. It is clear that high costs are not providing excelling results. As our current system continues to shift in this value-based direction, we will likely see even further changes in how and where care and treatments are provided (Phillips, 2015)Read MoreMedical Errors And Health Care2161 Words   |  9 Pagesmillions of people enter some type of health care facility seeking medical treatment. They go to these places because they trust the physicians, nurses, and all other medical personnel are there to provide them with adequate, quality care with hopes that they will be discharged in a healthier state. Inadvertently, each day millions of people entering these facilities and experiencing more complications than expected due to some type of medical error. Medical errors are becoming more and more frequentRead MoreMedical Errors And Health Care2169 Words   |  9 Pagesmillions of people enter some type of health care facility seeking medical treatment. They go to these places because they trust the physicians, nurses, and all other medical personnel are there to provide them with adequate, quality care with hopes that they will be discharged in a healthier state. Inadvertently, each day millions of people entering these facilities and experiencing more complications than expected due to some type of medical error. Medical errors are becoming more and more frequentRead MoreMedical Errors And Its Impact On Health Care1393 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States Health Care System currently has a unique quantity of the different types of medical care that the system offers. Regardless of this fact, many issues arise when it comes to assuring high quality care for everyone. Not all is well since the current health care system is a top economic and social problem for Americans (Health Care Problems, 2015). Many issues such as medical errors, quality of care, and other i ssues can impact the health care organization such as hospitals, clinicsRead MorePolicy History : Medical Errors1034 Words   |  5 PagesPolicy History Medical errors in the United States has been an intense topic of interest for politicians, researchers, and the general public alike for a number of years now. Concern about medical errors grew in the US following the release of â€Å"To ERR is Human: Building a safer Health System† report issued by the Institute of Medicine (IOM). This apprehension most noticeably started during the Clinton administration; IOM released their groundbreaking report in 1999 during the Clinton administrationRead MoreMedical Error1170 Words   |  5 PagesMedical Error: What the Public Should Know â€Å"For all of its strengths, our health care system still is plagued by avoidable errors.† -President Bill Clinton The issue of medical error is recognized as a very serious U.S. healthcare concern in terms of avoidable patient death and injury, achieving efficacious treatment, and in controlling the costs. The prevention of medical errors may seem to be a relatively simple task and with recent awareness, some improvements have been accomplished.Read MoreCurrent Health Care Issues Essay examples1651 Words   |  7 PagesCurrent Health Care Issues HCS - 545 11/19/2012 Organizational Responsibility amp; Current Health Care Issues In todays modern world with plenty of technology, it is hard to believe that we cannot figure out how to reduce Medical errors. The issue of medical error is not new in health care organizations. It has been in spot light since 1990s, when government did research on sudden increase in number of death in the hospitals. According to Lester, H., amp; Tritter, J. (2001), Medical errorRead MoreIntroduction and Evaluation in Healthcare843 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction and Evaluation In medicine, our knowledge of errors has been derived mainly from research of adverse occasions in hospital surroundings. Researchers record the incidence of adverse occasions in between 2.9% and 3.7% of most hospitalizations. Even though research workers disagree around the precise reason for adverse occasions, they often report avoidable clinical errors which happen throughout diagnosis as well as treatment supervision, especially throughout medication purchasingRead MoreProblems Associated With Medical Residence And Students1197 Words   |  5 PagesMedical residence and students are also familiar with shift work. These individuals may even exhibit more severe symptoms of fatigue than nurses and physicians. The average resident works roughly 90 hours a week. They also work shifts known as heavy call rotations. These heavy call rotations consist of residents being on call two to three days a week with, one 24 hours day off out of a 7-day period. Within this rotation they are requ ired to experience both day and night shifts (Lockley, Barger 10-12)

Exploring Christianity and Paganism in the Anglo-Saxon Society free essay sample

The foundation of religion is the utter conviction that one’s religion is the absolute truth. Having such utter confidence that one’s religion is such, one becomes morally bound with a duty to share this truth with as many people as they can. A bard in the eleventh century, in the ingenious combination of entertainment and preaching, delivers the story of Beowulf, where an honorable hero battles manifestations of evil itself. At the crossroads of paganism and Christianity, the characters in Beowulf and the Anglo-Saxon people alike faced the essential blending of two religious lifestyles in several life-affecting scenarios into one semi-coherent religious viewpoint. In the epic poem, Beowulf, the ideals of Christianity dominate over those of paganism through the shift of pagan values to praises of God, the biblical allusions, and the role Beowulf plays as a Christ-like figure, proving the author’s bias and demonstrating the nature of the Anglo-Saxon time period. To embellish this theme, it is necessary to acknowledge the unique dichotomy that exists in the epic tale between vastly different religious viewpoints. The author exemplifies this relationship constantly throughout the poem mainly in the mention of pagan values. Among these is the heroic value of fame. Beowulf himself boldly proclaims, â€Å"he who can earn it should fight / For the glory of his name; fame after death / Is the noblest of goals† (1387-89). Essentially, Beowulf emboldens the other characters with a reminder of a traditional value: that legacy is the only reward that a good soldier may hope to achieve. This value is one example among many of the contrast that exists between pagan and Christian principles in the poem and in the Anglo-Saxon society. Namely, Christianity holds that eternal life waits for the deceased soul, not merely a legacy, a burden that bards in the coming ages must sing into remembrance. In spite of that, this contrast epitomizes the balance t hat the Anglo-Saxons may have attained. Essentially, that narration proves that the two religions may peacefully coexist. While the values differ widely, the Anglo-Saxon society seemed to approach the issue of religion with ambiguity and ambivalence. To elaborate this enigmatic coupling, one might safely infer that a new religion, mixed of the two of these was born. The narrator notes, â€Å"But God’s dread loom / Was woven  with defeat for the monster, good fortune / For the Geats† (696-98). This statement serves several purposes to the advancement of the plot and the role of religion in the Anglo-Saxon era. Principally, it underscores the connection of pagan imagery, such as the woven loom for fate, to a Christian context. Fate becomes the jurisdiction of God. Also, it creates a moral battle between good and evil, central to any religious belief system. Put together, this connection accentuates the transitional sentiment of such a religion. More clearly, the author couples these religiously different entities together in order to facilitate the arrival and cultivation of Christianity into the Anglo-Saxon culture. Perhaps this transition is necessary for the acceptance of Christianity into a largely polytheistic and pagan-based society. Moreover, from this quotation the reader may notice a direct use of foreshadowing for the eve nts to follow. In this case, the reference to God’s weaving of fate suggests a favorable outcome against Grendel, a monstrous antagonist, for Beowulf and his clan. The author of this piece allows his views on the subject of religion to permeate through this epic poem to a large degree. While he acknowledges that these pagan ideals carry significance, it seems he holds contempt for the peoples of an age not much younger than this one who are not yet exposed to the views of Christianity. He states, â€Å"And sometimes they sacrificed to the old stone gods, / Made heathen vows, hoping for Hell’s / Support† (175-77). While one may learn from the accounts of each religion in this poem, the author is noticeably Christian in his interpretation of the heroic story of Beowulf. From this perspective of Beowulf’s adventures and the references to both forms of religion, one can gather that the Anglo-Saxon time period reflects similar values. Hence, in the poem, there is a definite transferal of pagan values to Christian dominion. In the face of this juxtaposition of religious values, the poem takes on a greater Christian theme than pagan through the scriptural and doctrinal allusions explicitly stated. To explain, the author utilizes two main types of explicit allusion. The first, the more vague approach, occurs when the author acknowledges God’s domain of humanity. Dutifully, the author mentions, â€Å"Then and now / man must lie in their Maker’s holy / Hands, moved only as He wills: / Our hearts must seek out that will† (1057-60). This  quotation outlines a recurring theme of the influence of Christian doctrine in the poem. It becomes difficult to apply this theme of Christian dominance to the Anglo-Saxon society as a whole, however, because the author of the tale, clearly Christian, caters to an audience with likely greater acceptance of Christianity than the characters in the time period the work represents. While this allusion calls upon the power of God, the second example of specifically mentioned allusion is a direct reference to the biblical story of Cain and Abel. Beowulf, taking the role as a soldier of God, marks the death of Grendel with an assertion that God had â€Å"branded him with a murderer’s mark† (1264). Declaring the antagonists in this poem as descendants of the race of Cain, the author demonstrates his point rather clearly that they are enemies of not only Beowulf, but the establishment of Christianity itself. Interestingly, Beowulf is quick to lay judgment on Unferth, too, for the crime of killing siblings. The Christian influence provides the background upon which the author reveals greater points. Here, Christian allusion is the vehicle by which the author may emphasize his avid support for Christianity as a whole. In this manner, Christian allusion dominates the majority of the poem. In addition the explicit elucidation of Christianity in allusion, the author also treats the subject of religion implicitly using symbolism. Foremost of the symbolism in the poem, Beowulf emerges as a Christ-like figure. Beowulf’s battles bear a strong resemblance to the crucifixion of Christ. Essentially, the narrator outlines the symbolism of the battle with Grendel when he states, â€Å"And through the might of a single man / They would win† (698-99). Like Christ, Beowulf must face a task that will benefit all who follow him even though he must accomplish this alone. When Grendel attacks Beowulf, the narrator says, â€Å"that prince / Remembered God’s grace and strength He’d given him / And relied on the Lord for all the help, / The comfort and support he would need† (1268-72). The battle with Grendel, then, is innately similar to the suffering of Jesus, also a prince; though when Beowulf conquers Grendel, he receives great praise. In contrast to that praise, when Christ conquered death, he did not welcome glory, but instead sacrificed his own life. To truly symbolize the crucifixion, a study of the fight with the dragon is necessary. The dragon, a seemingly unstoppable  force of evil for Herot and an enemy to God, confronts Beowulf as boldly as Beowulf confronts it. Beowulf battles with all his might, but the narrator ultimately comments, â€Å"That noble prince / Would end his days on earth soon †¦ but would take the dragon with him† (2341-44). This final battle portrays the concession of Beowulf’s own life for the people he means to save. This quality is very similar to Christ. Beowulf seems to accept the duty of his woven fate in the same manner as Christ’s acceptance. If Beowulf were to have a flaw though, since he is but human, it may very well be his pride and need for fame. Quickly approaching death, Beowulf casts himself into deep sorrow. The narrator says, â€Å"he has accused himself of breaking God’s law, of bringing / The Almighty’s anger down on his people† (2328-30). His worry may be unwarranted, but the guilt is incredibly important to the idea that Beowulf, even as a Christ-like protagonist is flawed. His redeeming factor lies in his acceptance of blame. No man is without fault, but Beowulf is certainly not without a degree of wisdom when he accepts the blame. Therefore, the implicit allusion of Beowulf as Christ shows the Christianity of the Anglo-Saxon time period and the inflection of the Christian author towards his Christian audience. Thus, through the mix of pagan and Christian values, the allusions, and the Christ-like symbolism, Beowulf portrays a Christian-dominated Anglo-Saxon society and a biased narrator. While heroes in history have come and gone, Beowulf may rightly take his place among the greatest. He succeeds to immortalize a legacy, a feat that countless people have dedicated their whole lives to accomplish without nearly as much success. Whether it is by the work of God or of gods, history smiles on the legacy of heroes like Beowulf. Perhaps a literary hero is truly timeless even in the face of drastic worldly change.

John Milton Essays (770 words) - Literature, Poetry, Sonnets

John Milton John Milton: On his blindness John Milton was born in 1608 to a Puritan family. During his service to the Commonwealth, in 1652, Milton became blind and it became necessary for others to share in his labors. His blindness occasioned one of the most moving of his sonnets, On his blindness, written in 1655. It records his fear that he will never be able to use his God-given gift for poetry again. Yet God may demand an accounting of his righteousness. And his entry into Heaven will depend upon how well he has used the gifts that God gave him. The sonnet ends with Milton's acceptance of the fact that what God wants of him is obedience and resignation. He can then serve God even if he cannot write poetry, for they also serve who only stand and wait. The most effective of the personal sonnets is #19, usually called On his blindness. This allusion to his blindness is the first of many in his poetry. When I consider how my light is spent When I judge how my ability to see has been taken away Ere half my days in this dark world and wide, After I have only lived half of my life And that one talent which is death to hide Lodged with me useless, though my soul more bent This is based on the parable of the talents (Matthew 25:14-30) in which the unprofitable servant was punished for burying, not using, the talent his master had given him. Milton is pondering whether he will be punished for not using his ability that is useless and will weigh down his final judgment. To serve therewith my maker, and present My true account, lest He returning chide, Milton cannot serve God by using his ability to see and now he must face God in his ?true account? of being blind. And if God was to reprimand Milton because he has not served God well he will say the following: ?Doth God exact day-labor, light denied I fondly ask. But patience, to prevent That murmur, soon replies, ?God doth not need Either man's work or his on gifts. Who best bear his mild yoke, they serve him best. Milton wonders, now that blindness has fallen upon him before half his working life is spent, whether God will still expect him to use his talent. Milton now says that with patience his murmur of spite against God, ?Doth God will be avoided. And patience replies: God does not need men to serve Him nor to serenade Him, whoever carry His burdens without complaint, serve him finest. The term ?mild yoke? is a double-entendre. The ?Yoke? blindness as the burden, is not so bad a punishment. Proof that the punishment of loss of sight was not as bad as conceived was that Milton, while blind, continued to accomplish what most people who are privileged to see cannot do, to write to well-known epic poems: Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained. The second meaning is that one should bear God's burdens (yoke) in a mild manner and not complain of the suffering and serve God as best as one is able. His state Is kingly: thousands at his bidding speed, And post o'er land and ocean without rest; They also serve who only stand and wait.? God is kingly and omnipotent. Thousands serve Him at His beckoning. Milton is answered with the idea that there are angels of contemplation as well as of action; similarly, some men may serve God best who humbly accept His decrees, waiting in faith on His will. Patience replies that while God does not really need Either man's work or his own gift, He wants obedience and resignation. Thousands of angels serve Him, but men also serve who only stand and wait. There are many scriptural passages that Milton may have had in mind, such as ?Rest in the Lord and wait patiently for him (Psalm 37:7). This poem appeals to me because Milton says that at first he was concerned that he would not be admitted into heaven because he did not serve God, but later he concludes that one may go to heaven through faith in God. I can apply this to my own life and serve God with the abilities that